The oldest Czech translation of the Psalms originated within the late thirteenth century and the primary complete Czech translation of the Bible was finished around 1360. The first complete printed Czech Bible was revealed in 1488 (Prague Bible). The first complete Czech Bible translation from the unique languages was revealed between 1579 and 1593 and is called the Bible of Kralice. The Codex Gigas from the 12th century is the biggest extant medieval manuscript on the planet. In the second half of the thirteenth century, the royal courtroom in Prague became one of the facilities of the German Minnesang and courtly literature (Reinmar von Zweter, Heinrich von Freiberg, Ulrich von Etzenbach, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia).
The Czech Republic has the densest rail community on the planet with 9,505 km (5,906.thirteen mi) of tracks. Of that number, 2,926 km (1,818.thirteen mi) is electrified, 7,617 km (4,732.ninety eight mi) are single-line tracks and 1,866 km (1,159.48 mi) are double and a number of-line tracks. České dráhy (the Czech Railways) is the principle railway operator within the Czech Republic, with about 180 million passengers carried yearly.
There have been 496,413 (4.5% of inhabitants) foreigners residing within the country in 2016, according to the Czech Statistical Office, with the most important groups being Ukrainian (22%), Slovak (22%), Vietnamese (12%), Russian (7%) and German (4%). Most of the overseas inhabitants lives in Prague (37.three%) and Central Bohemia Region (thirteen.2%). Puppetry and marionette exhibitions are very fashionable, with numerous puppet festivals throughout the country. Aquapalace Praha in Čestlice close to Prague, is the biggest water park in central Europe.
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Another Czech cultural phenomenon got here into being at the end of the Fifties. The most well-known Czech musical works are Smetana’s The Bartered Bride and Má vlast, Dvořák’s New World Symphony, Rusalka and Slavonic Dances or Janáček’s Sinfonietta and operas, above all Jenůfa. Since the early era of artificial music, Czech musicians and composers have often been influenced the people czech women music of the region and dances (e.g. the polka, which originated in Bohemia). Czech literature and culture played a major position on a minimum of two occasions when Czechs lived underneath oppression and political activity was suppressed.
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In the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century there was a huge improvement of social sciences. Alois Musil was a distinguished orientalist, Emil Holub ethnographer. Edmund Husserl outlined a brand new philosophical doctrine – phenomenology. Joseph Schumpeter introduced real financial ideas of «artistic destruction» of capitalism.
On both of those events, within the early 19th century after which once more in the Nineteen Sixties, the Czechs used their cultural and literary effort to strive for political freedom, establishing a assured, politically aware nation. The worldwide literary award the Franz Kafka Prize is awarded in the Czech Republic. Bible translations played an important role in the growth of Czech literature and the usual Czech language.
From 1991 to 2001 and further to 2011 the adherence to Catholicism decreased from 39% to 27% after which to 10%; Protestantism equally declined from 3.7% to 2% and then to zero.8%. The Muslim inhabitants is estimated to be 20,000 representing 0.2% of the Czech population. The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia, 118,000 according to the 1930 census, was virtually annihilated by the Nazi Germans through the Holocaust. There have been roughly 4,000 Jews within the Czech Republic in 2005. The former Czech prime minister, Jan Fischer, is of Jewish faith.
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Shortly after midnight, it played the anthem of the new Czech Republic, which has only the Czech verses. This started a strong tradition of animated movies (Zdeněk Miler’s Mole and so on.).
On the contrary, economist Eugen Böhm von Bawerk led a campaign towards Marxism. Max Wertheimer was one of many three founders of Gestalt psychology. Musicologists Eduard Hanslick and Guido Adler influenced debates on the event of classical music in Vienna.
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The most well-known Czech medieval German-language work is the Ploughman of Bohemia (Der Ackermann aus Böhmen), written round 1401 by Johannes von Tepl. forty five% of the population did not reply the query about faith.